Cenozoic post-collisional brittle tectonic history and stress reorientation in the High Zagros Belt (Iran, Fars Province)     

Payman Navabpour  Jacques Angelier  Eric Barrier   《Tectonophysics》2007,432(1-4):101-131

The Zagros fold-and-thrust belt of SW-Iran is among the youngest continental collision zones on Earth. Collision is thought to have occurred in the late Oligocene–early Miocene, followed by continental shortening. The High Zagros Belt (HZB) presents a Neogene imbricate structure that has affected the thick sedimentary cover of the former Arabian continental passive margin. The HZB of interior Fars marks the innermost part of SE-Zagros, trending NW–SE, that is characterised by higher elevation, lack of seismicity, and no evident active crustal shortening with respect to the outer (SW) parts. This study examines the brittle structures that developed during the mountain building process to decipher the history of polyphase deformation and variations in compressive tectonic fields since the onset of collision. Analytic inversion techniques enabled us to determine and separate different brittle tectonic regimes in terms of stress tensors. Various strike–slip, compressional, and tensional stress regimes are thus identified with different stress fields. Brittle tectonic analyses were carried out to reconstruct possible geometrical relationships between different structures and to establish relative chronologies of corresponding stress fields, considering the folding process. Results indicate that in the studied area, the main fold and thrust structure developed in a general compressional stress regime with an average N032° direction of σ₁ stress axis during the Miocene. Strike–slip structures were generated under three successive strike–slip stress regimes with different σ₁ directions in the early Miocene (N053°), late Miocene–early Pliocene (N026°), and post-Pliocene (N002°), evolving from pre-fold to post-fold faulting. Tensional structures also developed as a function of the evolving stress regimes. Our reconstruction of stress fields suggests an anticlockwise reorientation of the horizontal σ₁ axis since the onset of collision and a significant change in vertical stress from σ₃ to σ₂ since the late stage of folding and thrusting. A late right-lateral reactivation was also observed on some pre-existing belt-parallel brittle structures, especially along the reverse fault systems, consistent with the recent N–S plate convergence. However, this feature was not reflected by large structures in the HZB of interior Fars. The results should not be extrapolated to the entire Zagros belt, where the deformation front has propagated from inner to outer zones during the younger events.  相似文献   

Aspects of GLONASS Carrier-Phase Differencing   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Alfred Leick  Jacques Beser  Paul Rosenboom 《GPS Solutions》1998,2(1):36-41

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A Twilight Zone: Identity Crisis in French Geopolitics     

Jacques Lévy 《GeoJournal》1998,46(4):279-283

The paper initially describes some of the most important historical processes that have conditioned France's geopolitical position in the contemporary world. It discusses the current changes in France's geopolitics as a changing reality of international relations and as a changing discourse of scholars and experts, that reflects those real world changes. The paper focuses on French politics in Africa and on France's policy in Europe after the end of the Cold War. In Africa the French post-colonial empire with its close ties between domestic regimes, French business interests and the French state becomes unsustainable after the bipolar rivalry has been suspended. In Europe French policy can no longer be presented as either an independent view among a series of others (Europe des patries) nor as a successful effort to press French views by way of a larger European entity. The paper presents an overview of geopolitical literature written in France as a reflection of these conditions.  相似文献   

Simultaneous determination of sulfide, polysulfides and thiosulfate as an aid to ore exploration     

Jacques Boulgue 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1981,15(1-3)

The interaction of water and sulfide minerals yields dissolved species which can be utilized to trace back the presence of sulfide minerals and associated minerals. Computer modeling and laboratory and field results show that the most characteristic dissolved species are hydrogen sulfide (H₂S, HS⁻), polysulfide ions (S_n²⁻) and thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻), derived from the hydrolysis of sulfide minerals. Typical concentration ranges are: 10⁻⁵ – 10⁻⁷ mole/l for hydrogen sulfide, 10⁻⁶ – 10⁻⁹ mole/l for polysulfides and 10⁻⁵ – 10⁻⁸ mole/l for thiosulfate. The chemical reactivity of these species at contact with air makes them difficult to assess unless determined immediately after sampling.These sulfur species can be determined rapidly and accurately in field conditions by simultaneous titration with mercuric chloride employing an Ag/Ag₂S electrode for the determination of the end points.The application to ore exploration is exemplified by the results of the research on roll-type uranium deposits in the southwest of France.  相似文献   

Effect of the tidal stress on residual circulation and mud deposition in the Southern Bight of the North Sea     

Jacques C. J. Nihoul 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1975,113(1):577-581

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Spinel-olivine geothermometry in peridotites from ultramafic complexes   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Jacques Fabriès 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,69(4):329-336

An empirical calibration of the spinel-olivine geothermometer (Evans and Frost, 1975) is attempted and applied to parageneses of lherzolitic rocks. In ultramafic complexes, most of the derived temperature estimates range between 700 ° and 850 °C, and appear generally lower than those given by other geothermometers, based upon Ca or Al contents of coexisting pyroxenes. A comparison of the different thermometric data in two well studied occurrences, the Ronda ultramafic complex and the San Carlos xenolith field, suggests that differential rates of diffusion and recrystalization may account for the large range of temperatures (between 700 ° and 1200 °C) determined by various mineral geothermometers in peridotites. The equilibrium exchange of Mg and Fe between spinel and olivine would be the fastest one and would continue effectively during the cooling down to relatively low temperatures, while other exchange reactions used as geothermometers in peridotites, like partitioning of Ca and Al in coexisting pyroxenes, are blocked at higher temperatures.  相似文献   

The high-pressure assemblages at Milos,Greece     

Jacques Kornprobst  Jean-Robert Kienast  Jean-Claude Vilminot 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,69(1):49-63

Metamorphic rocks at Milos are known in small outcrops beneath the volcanic formations, as xenoliths in the Traphores volcanic breccia and as pebbles in the Paleochora Quaternary deposits. These rocks seem to belong to three different metamorphic units which probably have intricate relationships in the basement: — the eclogites unit shows garnetjadeite or garnet-omphacite primary associations, with apparently late crystallization of lawsonite phenoblasts an recrystallization features at relatively low temperatures; — the glaucophane schist unit exhibits Jadeite+quartz or glaucophane+lawsonite primary mineralogy; — the greenschist facies unit shows low-pressure main assemblages, most generally developed after high-pressure events. The two former units involve tholeiitic meta-igneous rocks, having been spilitized before metamorphism; they generally suffered more or less advanced recrystallization features in the low-pressure field of the greenschist facies. The third unit shows only meta-sedimentary rocks, with the sole exception of one single meta-doleritic pebble having calk-alkaline affinities.Petrological and mineralogical studies, based upon 15 bulk-rock compositions and 178 probe-analysed data points, lead to suspect at least 2, perhaps 3, different metamorphic events rather than one single metamorphic evolution, to account for the 3 U distinguished. From the observation of the mineralogical assemblages and their evolution, the former events (stages 1 and 2) could be related to rapid subduction of ocean-floor or back-arc basalts, whereas, during the latter event (stage 3), the rocks experienced crystallization conditions involving both decreasing pressures and increasing temperatures.  相似文献   

From subduction to transform motion: a seabeam survey of the Hellenic trench system     

Xavier Le Pichon  Jacques Angelier  Jean Aubouin  Nicolas Lyberis  Serge Monti  Vincent Renard  Henri Got  Ken Hsu¨  Yossi Mart  Jean Mascle  Drummond Matthews  Dimitri Mitropoulos  Pandelis Tsoflias  Georges Chronis 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,44(3):441-450

Preliminary results of a multi-narrow beam survey of the Hellenic trench system, in the Eastern Mediterranean, are presented. The southwestern Ionian branch is divided in small basins, partly filled with Pleistocene sediments. The morphology suggests that the basins are deformed by a compressional stress acting roughly perpendicularly to the trench along N50°E. This direction is the direction of the regional slip vector of the shallow thrust-type earthquakes. The structure of the southeastern Pliny-Strabo branch is quite different. Narrow en-e´chelon slots, oriented N40°E, have been mapped within the main troughs oriented N60°E. The regional earthquake slip vector is also oriented along N40°E. We conclude that the Hellenic trench system is an active subduction system, dominated by thrust along the Ionian branch and by transform motion along the Pliny-Strabo branch.  相似文献   

Determination of the mean principal directions of stresses for a given fault population   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Jacques Angelier 《Tectonophysics》1979,56(3-4)

New methods of determination of stress axes, from field measurements of the orientations of faults and slickenslides, are discussed. Results show that the approximation which assumes that relative motion along any fault is controlled by a single common mean stress tensor is valid.  相似文献   

Rare anthropogenic and natural particles suspended in deep ocean waters     

Jacques Jedwab 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1980,49(2):551-564

Four hundred membrane filters from the Atlantic and Pacific deep waters have been scanned for coloured and opaque particles by a method integrating the light and the scanning electron microscopes, the electron microprobe and the micro-X-ray diffraction camera. About 40 different types of particles have been found. A tentative classification of the particles and of their morphological and chemical varieties is presented, according to their anthropogenic or natural origins. From this point of view, the particles fall into five groups: (1) particle species exclusively produced by man's activities (like brass, cobalt aluminate); (2) particles exclusively produced by natural processes (like amphibole, ilmenite); (3) particles rarely produced by natural processes, but massively so by man (like metallic copper, chromium oxide); (4) a large group of particles massively produced by nature and by man (like magnetite spherules, malachite); (5) a very small group of particles whose origin could not be attributed at present. Very few entirely new compounds from the point of view of continental mineralogy have been encountered.  相似文献